Wednesday, June 26, 2019

#52 Ancestors #Week 26 - Legend

#52 Ancestors # Week 26  -  Legend



Most families have legends – those stories told over and over and generally believed to be true until someone comes along and disproves them.

In our McCann family that someone was Dick Sansom, a cousin who wrote a meticulously researched family history called, “With Conviction” about the descendants of Peter McCann, convict.

And then later, it was Paul and I who had to break the news gently to another branch of the family, for whom yet another legend had been their belief.

Legend No 1 was that Peter McCann, although a convict, had been an honourable one.  He had participated in the United Irishmen’s Rebellion of 1798 (the Wolfe Tone Rebellion) and had been transported as a political prisoner.

Alternatively, he was a political prisoner who had been a soldier in the British Army and had refused to fire on his fellow Irishmen during the 1798 uprising. 

The descendants of Peter’s grandson, Charles John McCann all heard this story

Legend No 2 came from the descendants of another of Peter’s grandsons, also Peter McCann, who all read his booklet called,
“History of descendants
Of
Peter McCann, Who Landed in Australia in 1799
And
the Establishment of the Cement Industry
and its
Development in Victoria.”

It begins thus:

“As nearly as I can calculate, my Grandfather, Peter McCann landed in Australia (then New Holland) in the year 1799; and I believe my Grandmother came out in the same ship.  He was a man of splendid physique.

He was six feet three inches in height, stout in proportion, and weighed sixteen stone.  As my Grandmother would say, he was a straight as his own ram-rod.

The Governor obviously realised he had in him the making of a good colonist; as he selected him, along with others, to till and work a large area of land.  Under the bounty system then existing, he was provided with implements, provisions, seed and cattle until such time as he could make the land yield a return.

Whether any special affection had manifested itself between my Grandparents up to this time, I am not in any position to say, but it seems fairly evident that their marriage synchronised with my Grandfather’s first efforts as a colonist.

My father described my Grandmother in terms of never-ending praise.  She was his beau-ideal of a wife and mother.  It is clearly evident that she was a frugal and industrious wife and an affectionate mother.  Because of the fact that my Grandmother had been brought up to farm life and my Grandfather possessed of great physical strength, activity and of great capacity of industry, together with the high price obtained for their produce, they quickly began to prosper in life.

Their success, however, seems to have been short lived for when my father could not have been more than three years old, my Grandfather in crossing a narrow log bridge over a creek in high flood, missed his footing and was drowned.  By this sudden and unfortunate accident, my Grandmother was left a widow with two little children, my Father Nicholas McCann being the eldest

It’s difficult to know where to begin to unpack this story – almost all of it is untrue.

1.       Peter McCann landed in Australia in January 1800 on the convict ship, “Minerva


2.       He had been sentenced to 7 years for robbery.

3.       His wife, Mary Fitzgerald was transported, also for robbery.  She arrived in 1802 on the “Atlas 1

4.       It is extremely unlikely that an Irishman of Peter’s class would be of “splendid physique”, particularly after incarceration in the Dublin Provost, and then on a convict ship.  It does seem, however, that he was over 6 feet tall, which was unusual at the time.

5.       Peter and Mary married at St John’s Church, Parramatta on 9 January 1804.  Their son, Nicholas (born 20 November 1803) was baptised on that day.

6.       Like all convicts, Peter was assigned to work by the Government – in his case as a labourer.  He was working for Mr Thomas Jamison of Parramatta early in 1803 when he was charged with drunkenness, insolence and neglect of duty and sentenced to 50 lashes.

7.       Peter’s death was recorded in the “Sydney Gazette” on 26 October 1806.
“Peter McCann, a labourer, was unfortunately drowned on Tuesday night at Hawkesbury, in attempting to swim across Rickerby’s Creek.

8.       Mary, a young widow with two small children, quickly married again (the best means of survival in these harsh times) and had two more children. When her second husband died, she married a third, and then after his demise, a fourth husband.  All were convicts


1.   This branch of the family were builders and stonemasons, and they became the founders of the Cement industry in Victoria, so their business and social positions were such that it is unsurprising that they believed and promulgated the fake story about their heritage  It was not until late in the 20th century that Australians began to acknowledge and take pride in their convict ancestors.  These days it is seen as being something akin to the American boast of a Mayflower Pilgrim.


Even in our branch of the family, the timber getters and small farmers who were descended from Peter through Charles John McCann did not talk about their origins, and it is doubtful even if they knew.


Wednesday, June 12, 2019

#52 Ancestors # Week 25 - Earliest


#52 Ancestors  Week 25 -  Earliest




The earliest ancestor who I have traced is Mark Golding, born 1599 in Glemsford, Suffolk.  He was my 9 x great grandfather.  The Golding family is listed in the records of Glemsford and the neighbouring village of Cavendish over the next 300 years, and Mark’s descendants are an unbroken line through

John b 1631

Mark b 1676 #

Mark b 1712

Luke b 1745

Clement b 1785

James, b 1823.

James and his wife Elizabeth (nee Dare) came to Australia on the ship, “Hornet” in 1859.  They were assisted immigrants and had been sponsored by Elizabeth’s sister and her husband who had come from Cavendish a few years earlier and were working on the large propery, “Tomki Station” near Casino, NSW.

There were four children in the family travelling with them.  Susan (10), Eliza (8), Deborah (5) and John (aged 10 months).  Sadly, Deborah died on the voyage and was buried at sea. 
Susan was my 2 x great grandmother and I have written about her family before in #52 Ancestors –
(see #Week 1 “First”, and #Week 11 “Large Family”)

The Golding family appear to have come to Suffolk in the Middle Ages as wool merchants, although I haven’t yet been able to establish a direct line from Mark to the prominent merchant John Golding. Nor do I know where the Goldings came from, although there is a suggestion that they came from Belgium

A local history records it as follows: *

In the 15th Century the Golding family came to Glemsford. They were a wealthy family of wool merchants and the probate of their wills may be read in the Glemsford Records deposited in the County Archives at Bury St. Edmunds. John Golding died in 1496 and left instruction in his fill that the Church of St. Mary Glemsford should be extended. His wishes were carried out by his Widow and sons and the present building was erected. The writer has avoided long tedious quotations from works of reference but feels that the details of Golding's Will may be of interest. They are typical in wording and layout of wills of this period.
THE WILL OF JOHN GOLDING In the name of God. Amen. "JOHN G0LDING of GLEMSF0RDE, the elder, clothmaker, in the diocese of Norwich, to be buried in the Churchyard a Jesus Altar on the South side in the saide town of Glemsforde.
I bequeath the High Altar 13/4 and to the priests, clerks, and poor folk on my burying 6/
8.
I will that a chapell be made over me where 1 shall ly in the saide churchyard and thereto bequeath £40
To all the four orders of Freress i.e. Sudbury, Clare, Babwell and Cambridge, to each of them 10/- to sing St. Gregory's Trentall for me and my friends soules.
Item; to Johanna, my wife the house I dwell in for 1ife and £100.
To Dan, my son of Bury £40,
To William, my son, house and land which I have in Poslingforth at Bulley Grenes and £40 and a meadow called TURPITTES and three acres called SEGELAND in Glemsford
To John my son land in Glemsford except CHAMBERSCROFT in NETHERSTREET.
To John my son,the younger, house in Poslingford.
To Margery Trumbill my daughter £80.
To Kath Wood my daughter £30 and land called CROSSES
To Joan Hill my daughter, Chamberscroft and three acres in Pentlowe, and twenty marks.
To all my Spinners l2d. each.
To Joan Golding daughter of William my son ten marks
To each of my children's children 20/-
To my servants 3/4d each.
To the poor of Melford 6/8,

Executors: William my son and John Golding the elder
Supervisor Joan my wife.
Proved 80th May 1497 by the Executors named in the will

William and John Golding arranged for the Architect who designed the masterpiece of Holy Trinity, Long Melford to draw up plans for the Church of St. Mary Virgin at Glemsford, Their wool merchants mark may seen carved in stone upon a shield set into on the exterior of the last wall of the North Aisle. The Arms of their father is displayed on a stone shield in the small museum in the North Aisle Cut into the stone on the outer wall of the South Aisle Chapel known as the Golding Chapel are the words - JOHN GOLDING JOAHN HYS WIFE TEE FOUNDER OP THIS CHAPEL AND IYLAS. There is a similar inscription upon, the North wall of the North Aisle referring to their sons and daughters but this has become almost illegible through the weathering of the stone.

John Golding is believed to have lived at the house now known as The Angel, in Glemsford. Although this is now a public-house it is clear that at one time it was a fine residence.

The Angel in Glemsford

Sadly, the wool trade was not to last – as recorded in the same volume,

With the decline of the Wool Trade, the agricultural workers were the first to suffer and there is evidence of continuing poverty among the inhabitants of Glemsford. The succeeding centuries tell of a constant battle to preserve the prosperity of the parish

Whatever wealth there may have been in the family did not last either.  Generations of Golding men are described as “agricultural labourers” in marriage documents and census records, and most appear not to have had literacy skills.  By the time James and Elizabeth packed up their family to come to Australia, life must have been hard.  A look at the English censuses of 1901, 1911 and 1939 reveal that those left behind did not fare much better.  Susan’s cousins are working as farmhands and domestic servants in the early 20th century.

I don’t know if there are still Goldings in Glemsford and Cavendish, but I am trying to find out.

Footnotes:

# Mark Golding’s sister Judith married John Constable and was the grandmother of the painter of that name

*A Short History of Glemsford by Rev Kenneth W Glass, former rector of St Mary the Virgin, Glemsford.
Published by the Foxearth and District Local History Society






Sunday, June 9, 2019

#52 Ancestors #Week 24 - Dear Diary

#52 Ancestors #Week 24 - Dear Diary



The Diary of Richard Glascott has been an invaluable resource for me and other researchers of the early lives of cedar cutters and the settlement of the North Coast of NSW.   Few other sources provide greater insights into the work and lifestyle history of cedar cutters and their families in the region and are significant in that they provide an extremely rare day- to-day account of families living in the Newrybar and Tintenbar areas in the 1860s.  Glascott himself worked in these localities cutting cedar and in mixed farming and, as his diaries reveal, supporting a wife and children, as did other cedar men. Importantly Glascott’s diaries debunk the stereotype that all cedar cutters were single, and engaged in constant drunkard behaviour.

Richard Donovan Glascott was born in New Ross, Wexford, Ireland in 1833 and came to Australia on board the “Alnwick Castle” in 1857.  He had been at sea for many years, but he deserted his ship in Sydney and appears to have gone first in search of gold, and then of “red gold “(cedar).  By 1863 he was living in Tintenbar and, four months short of his 30th birthday, he married 16 year old Maria King, daughter of a cedar cutter called Richard King. 

Australian Red Cedar - Toona ciliata
His diary exists in three ledgers.  The first, begun in 1860, records only timber measurements and transactions.  The second begins on 1 July 1864, as “a memorandum of the weather and how employed” and runs until 1869, and the third is an intermittent account of the 1870s, finishing on 13 February 1878.

There is no great literary merit in this diary.  It is simply a record of each day – the weather, the passing traffic on the river, work activity and family events.  What makes it so invaluable is that it seems to be the only contemporary record of the everyday lives of these early settlers, and in recording the names of each person who passed by, Glascott has given the best account yet of who these cedar cutters were. 

Cedar cutters on North Creek, near Teven

It is also an early account of their relationship with the local indigenous population and in all the years of his record there is no record of hostility between them and the newcomers. They are often part of the timber felling teams, and are included in other activities (“Black Jim and another lad had their dinner here then returned to Tintenbar)*1.  Often they are not named, but recorded as “six blacks employed road cutting” for example.  (They are paid at half the rate of the white road cutters)

The early pages in July 1864 are simple.

6 July – Weather light showers  At home.

8 July.  Fine.  At home. Wife confined. *2

By the end of that year, there is some more detail:

29 Dec – Fine and very hot all day.  Went down to Election at Ballina and came back evening.  Voted for Laycock.  For Laycock 39, for Bligh 1 at Ballina.

By the following year, there is more about the people around him.

2 Mar 1865 “John Smith and his wife had a quarrel, Smith broke all the crocker-ware and hammered his wife.  Afterwards they shook hands and consented to part.  He stopped in the camp and she left for Ballina at 5 pm.

13 Sept 1865 “went out to work with John Williams, James Ryan, Pat Gallagher, Tom McCann*3, John Johnson, Tom Brennan and a Blackfellow, last three and the Black parted company with us at beach road came on with me to my hut at Skinners Creek.  Killed a large carpet snake at hut.*4 Fine”

We learn (October 1865) that they have formed a committee and are building a schoolhouse.  It opened on 2 Jan 1866, with “10 scholars”

There are feuds and disagreements, babies being born and people dying.  The Rev Mr Shaw comes from Casino and holds a service at the schoolhouse.  He marries one couple and baptises Glascott’s second child.

It is from Glascott that we learned of theft of oars which I mentioned in an earlier post.

14 May 1874 “Saw Constable Bassman and another Constable and two other men going through camp today, going up the river, they were all in company together.  Some dog got into my barn last night and took a corned leg of pork away.  I can’t say whether it was my dog or not.  Fine.  Westerly”

And then

15 May 1874 “Met George Lewis coming out this morning and he told me that it was Constables Bassman and Hogan and the two prisoners McCann and Johnson that I saw passing through the camp yesterday” *5

And the death of Paul’s 2 x great grandfather is noted thus:

29 July 1876.  “Fencing.  Joe McGuire called here today.  Heard old Charles McCann of Teven Creek died this morning.  Killed one brown snake today.  Fine. North westerly.” *6

Dick’s diary ended in February 1878.  He died 10 years later at the age of 54.  His wife Maria outlived him by more than 50 years, dying in Ballina on her 92nd birthday in 1939.

The lives of the early settlers are not well documented.  Many of them couldn’t write and even if they could, most were too busy trying to earn a living to spend time writing. We are grateful to Richard Glascott for this simple record which tells us so much about the cedar cutters and their everyday existence.

Footnotes:
*1 16 Feb 1873.
*2 Dick and Maria’s first child was born that day.  There is no further mention of this event. We learn only later that it was a girl
*3 We have never been able to work out who “Tom” McCann is – there is no “Thomas” of the right vintage in the family tree.  It might be a nickname
*4 Glascott records the killing of a snake at least once a week – brown snakes, black snakes, whip snakes, “Bandy bandys”, as well as the (harmless) carpet snakes.
*5 See #52 Ancestors – Week 5, “At the Library”
*6 “Old” Charles McCann was 49

Sunday, June 2, 2019

#52 Ancestors # Week 23 - Namesake



#52 Ancestors - #Week 23 -  Namesake


When my parents named their first born in July 1945 she got two names.  “Jennifer“– one of the most popular names of the late 40s and early 50s, and “Ruth”, the name of my mother’s recently deceased sister.

My aunt, Ruth Beatrice Whitten, was born on 27 September, 1915, the third child of Frederick and Josephine and sister to Keith and Jackie.  As children these three were inseparable – there was a four year gap to next baby, Connie, so one cannot imagine the shock to Keith and Ruth when their brother Jackie died at the age of 6.  Keith was 8; Ruth was 5.

Keith, Jackie and Ruth - about 1919

Notwithstanding this early tragedy, the Whitten children grew up happy and loved.  Ruth was a good average student, she played the piano well and she was pretty and popular. 

At 18 she fell in love with Gordon Pickering, a young man 5 years her senior who worked for the Producers Co-operative Distribution Society Ltd, a large country firm with branches all over the State.  They were married in 1934, when she was 19, and moved away from Quirindi to Guyra, on the New England Tablelands.  Ruth was only 150 miles away from her family but in the 1930s that was an enormous distance, and she missed them terribly. When the company closed the Guyra office they moved even further away, to Alexandria and then to Grafton
.
In 1942, their only child, Janette was born.

There are only two surviving letters from Ruth to my mother.  The first was written when Mum and Dad became engaged, in 1942.  It’s a newsy, chatty letter of congratulations and information about Jan – she has been sick with ear problems and Ruth wasn’t getting any sleep.  It’s perhaps interesting that she says (in reference to another friend’s pregnancy), “I’m pleased it’s her and not me, I pity people having babies these days”.  It might be an allusion to the war, or it might be a personal comment.

The second letter a short note enclosing a list of things Mum needs for her coming baby, so was probably written early in 1945.  In the note she is offering to “run some nighties up for you” and to “crochet round a bunny rug,  like the one Con has for Terry".  She says, “PS I hope it’s a girl”.

On 26 March, Ruth’s body was recovered from the Clarence River at Grafton.  She was 29 years old.

The inquest into her death was held on 20 April 1945.  Her husband gave evidence that she had been prone to headaches and fits of depression and her Dr declared that she had come to him with anxiety and insomnia.  He had suggested that she go away for a holiday with her family.  The inquest concluded that she had drowned, her death “wilfully caused by casting herself from the Clarence River bridge into the waters of the Clarence River.”

Suicides always leave a hundred questions.  For my mother, hundreds of miles away, pregnant with her first child and unable to travel, the news was devastating.  She told me that she never even grieved properly as people kept telling her not to think about it lest she risk the health of her own baby.  She was still asking questions right up until her own death 73 years later, and positing different theories.  Had Ruth been unhappily married?  Did she have post-natal depression? Had she had a miscarriage?  Was she unable to conceive a second child?  There are no answers.

All she could do was add “Ruth” to her new baby’s name.